Ses derniers articles :J’aurais voulu être égyptien Le Petit voyeur

سبتمبر 25th, 2009 كتبها علاء الأسوانى نشر في , FRIENDLY FIRE

 
 
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Les préfaces dans un roman ne sont pas toujours "has been". La preuve ! C’est par ce biais que Alaa El Aswany, romancier égyptien, auteur de L’Immeuble Yacoubian (1) et Chicago (2), invite les lecteurs/trices à s’introduire dans le corps de sa dernière publication qui se décline sous forme d’une série de dix nouvelles amères, douces, belles, hideuses, tendres, cruelles, heureuses, malheureuses, avec un arrière fond de tristesse, au dénouement tragique. Le tout exprimé par le biais d’une écriture énoncée dans un langage simple à la signification pourtant profonde qui rappelle fortement le style réaliste de Naguib Mahfoud, lauréat du prix Nobel de Littérature en 1988.
Cette préface de sept pages peut bien paraître inutile pour beaucoup mais pour l’auteur, elle revêt une signification de la plus grande importance car elle a la fonction d’une mise au point. Pour qui ? Pourquoi ? Tout d’abord pour les responsables de l’Office du livre égyptien qui ont refusé de publier ces nouvelles lorsqu’elles ont été écrites en 1996. Puis pour tous ceux et toutes celles, en Egypte et ailleurs, qui ont tendance à confondre l’imaginaire et le réel. La littérature et la politique. La fiction et la sociologie : pourquoi ai-je écrit ces mots ? questionne Alaa El Aswany. Parce que cet amalgame entre le littéraire et le réel, entre le travail littéraire et les études sociologiques, a poursuivi et frappé de malédiction mon roman.
Mais au delà de la fonction d’avertissement, cet avant-propos peut être appréhendé comme une invitation à un effort de réflexion sur la définition et le sens de la littérature, son rôle, son lien ainsi que son interférence avec le reste des disciplines : la littérature est l’art de la vie, écrit-il. De ce fait -elle- n’est pas un fait isolé mais, comme la vie elle-même, elle interfère avec les sciences sociales, l’histoire, la sociologie, l’ethnographie. Cette interférence est une arme à double tranchant, explique-t-il. D’un côté, le romancier y trouve une profusion d’éléments pour son oeuvre, mais en contrepartie c’est cela qui pousse malencontreusement certains à lire les oeuvres littéraires comme si elles étaient des travaux de recherche sociologique.
Et si la littérature sert à raconter la vie, elle est également une invitation au rêve, à l’évasion et un moyen de distraction. Elle permet de nous immerger dans le monde selon la propre perception de l’auteur, sa vision et son interprétation de la vie. En lisant un poème, une nouvelle, un roman, le lecteur découvre avant tout l’imaginaire d’un individu qui s’aventure à recréer le monde selon sa propre sensibilité confrontant ainsi le lecteur à la construction mentale et intellectuelle de la trame de l’histoire et des personnages.
Dans les nouvelles que Alaa El Aswany met sous notre regard, les personnages, majoritairement des hommes, vivant en zone essentiellement urbaine, nous introduisent dans leur vie, dans leurs demeures, dans leur pays. Ils nous ouvrent la porte de leur intimité, de leur intériorité, de leur mal-être, de leur souffrance, de leurs blessures, de leur désillusion par le truchement de leur propre regard mettant en exergue les aspects qui de leur point de vue caractérisent la société égyptienne. Positivement. Et négativement.
Loin des pyramides, ces géants de pierre qui ont résisté aux aléas du temps. Loin des cars de touristes qui arpentent les rues du Caire à la recherche d’exotisme. Loin des hôtels touristiques pris d’assaut par des hommes et des femmes sur les traces d’un passé glorieux qui s’acharne à afficher sa gloire, les personnages El aswaniens se mettent à nu et vont à contre-courant du mouvement de ces touristes venus d’un ailleurs en quête de sensations et d’émotions fortes. Ils nous invitent à visiter une autre Egypte, l’autre facette de ce pays, très souvent inconnue voire ignorée. Celle qui vit sous le poids des difficultés socio-économiques. Celle qui respire l’air infecté de la pollution atmosphérique, politique et idéologique. Celle qui tremble sous l’effet de la faim, des frustrations, des manques, leur lot quotidien. Celle qui trime de l’aube jusqu’à l’aube en quête de moyens de subsistance. Celle qui précipite ses enfants dans l’abîme de la folie comme unique instinct de survie.
Cette Egypte où des êtres giflent notre regard, fouettent nos représentations, suscitent tantôt notre sympathie, tantôt notre colère. Des êtres qui vivent dans une société prisonnière de l’arbitraire, de l’obscurantisme… Des hommes et des femmes pris dans les rouages d’un système qui les poussent à déployer des stratégies afin d’assurer leur survie et exister tout simplement : mensonges, hypocrisie, malhonnêteté, méchanceté, lâcheté, paresse, corruption… Des comportements qui avilissent, qui déshumanisent, qui indignent et provoquent la colère, le dégoût… Et afin d’établir une distance entre l’auteur et les personnages qui animent l’univers de ces nouvelles, Alaa El Aswany précise, je ne juge pas mes personnages. J’essaye juste de les comprendre et d’expliquer leurs actes, leurs petitesses, ou leurs grandeurs.
J’aurais voulu être Egyptien, un recueil de dix nouvelles. Et pourtant quatre ont particulièrement capté mon attention et profondément bouleversé mes sens. "Celui qui s’est approché et qui a vu", la première et la plus longue des histoires du recueil de nouvelles immerge le lecteur dans l’univers familial et intérieur du personnage principal, Issam Abd el Ati, un jeune homme, célibataire vivant au domicile parental.
La nouvelle peut être divisée en deux parties qui s’inscrivent dans deux temporalités différentes mettant en scène deux personnages, Issam et son père, avec cependant l’omniprésence du fils tout au long des deux parties, jouant à la fois le rôle de narrateur et de protagoniste. Dans la première partie, Issam raconte l’histoire de son père, un homme libéré des croyances, des idéologies, le nationalisme, le marxisme et la religion. Un père vieux, impotent, qui voue une grande haine pour ses compatriotes qui de son point de vue sont tous endormis et leur seul rêve, ce sont les poulets de la coopérative. Un homme qui se réfugie dans le hashish, l’alcool, se retire du monde et sombre dans la décrépitude et la déchéance. A ce stade, Issam a le rôle de témoin. Il regarde. Il observe. Il est spectateur.
A la mort du père, Issam devient le personnage principal. Sur un ton détaché, il se raconte et tout au long de sa narration, il entraine le lecteur, pas à pas, dans sa descente dans les abîmes de sa propre déchéance.
Issam aurait-il "hérité" de la maladie de son père ? Serions-nous dans un cas de reproduction ? Tout porte à croire que le destin du père est héréditaire et qu’il se transmet de père en fils comme a tendance à devenir le pouvoir dans beaucoup de pays arabes qui ne sont pourtant pas des monarchies. Ainsi, tout en reproduisant le comportement de son père, Issam dénonce la faiblesse, le mensonge, l’oisiveté, l’hypocrisie, la mesquinerie, le silence de ceux qui souffrent. Il crie haut et fort son aversion pour tout ce qui l’entoure y compris sa famille, ses collègues… qu’il décrit comme des êtres prisonniers, enfermés pendant une longue période dans une cellule étroite et qui ont perdu tout espoir. Et peu à peu, cet homme qui tourne le dos à un monde méprisable, se réfugie dans la solitude et le hashish. Et voilà qu’il trouve le salut dans des photographies représentant des scènes de pays

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alaa al-aswany’s ‘friendly fire’

يوليو 9th, 2009 كتبها علاء الأسوانى نشر في , FRIENDLY FIRE

 

Tuesday, July 07, 2009

alaa al-aswany’s ‘friendly fire

 

Alaa al-Aswany trains his “Friendly Fire” on Britain

by

Susannah Tarbush

 

The Egyptian novelist Alaa al-Aswany has enjoyed phenomenal success with his novels “The Yacoubian Building” (first published in Arabic in 2002) and “Chicago” (2007). They were runaway bestsellers in Egypt and other Arab countries, and were translated into 27 languages.

Between publication of these two novels, a collection of his earlier work was published in Arabic in 2004 under the title “Friendly Fire”. It consists of a novella entitled “The Isam Abd el-Ati Papers” and a number of short stories.

Al-Aswany recently visited Britain for the publication by the Harper Collins imprint Fourth Estate of the English edition of “Friendly Fire” in an excellent translation by Humphrey Davies.

Al-Aswany is much appreciated in Britain, where Fourth Estate published the English translation of “The Yacoubian Building” in 2007. Publication of the English edition of “Chicago” in Britain by the same publisher last year further boosted his standing.

There is something very appealing about Al-Aswany, with his husky bass voice, his vivid manner of expressing himself in English, his humor, and the inspiring way in which he speaks of writing and literature. Alongside his literary career he still practices as a dentist, and is a campaigner for democracy.

During his latest visit to Britain he was much in demand by the media and for literary events including a speaking engagement and book signing at the famous Foyles Bookshop in London’s Charing Cross Road.

This was the third time in little more than a year that Al-Aswany had appeared before a packed audience at Foyle’s, an indication of his popularity with readers. He was interviewed by the Iraqi playwright and Imperial College scientist Hassan Abdulrazzak, author of the play “Baghdad Wedding”.

Asked why he chose the title “Friendly Fire”, Al-Aswany said he found it to be “very consistent with the content of the stories. You could be damaged very severely by the people who are closest to you.”

In his preface to the book, Al-Aswany reveals that he based the character of Isam Abd el-Ati, the first- person narrator of his novella, on his late friend Mahmoud Mahmoud Mahmoud, known as Triple Mahmoud. Isam is “a frustrated, highly educated young man who suffers from the tyranny, corruption and hypocrisy in Egyptian society.” His growing alienation leads to a loosening of his grip on reality, and a passionate encounter with a German woman proves to be a tipping point.

The novella begins with the famous statement of the Egyptian nationalist leader Mustafa Kamil: “If I weren’t Egyptian I would want to be Egyptian.” Isam mocks this as “the dumbest thing I’ve ever heard” and challenges the reader to find a single Egyptian virtue

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Friendly Fire by Alaa Al Aswany

يوليو 1st, 2009 كتبها علاء الأسوانى نشر في , FRIENDLY FIRE

 

MY PROFILE SHOP JOBS PROPERTY CLASSIFIEDS

From The Sunday Times

June 14, 2009

Friendly Fire by Alaa Al Aswany

 

The Sunday Times review by David Horspool

The novella that provides the core of Friendly Fire was, as the Egyptian novelist Alaa Al Aswany explains in a preface, actually his first piece of extended fiction. But it was originally published privately, because “the opinions expressed in it” might have landed author, publisher or government censor “in jail”. His acclaimed novel, The YacoubianBuilding, was written later, became a bestseller when first published in Arabic and found similar success around the world when it was translated. Its Dickensian or Balzac-ian compendiousness and its portrayal of the sort of Cairo street life previously encountered in the work of the Nobel prizewinner Naguib Mahfouz made for a winning combination. Only after that success did anyone in Egypt feel emboldened to release Al Aswany’s earlier work.

 

It is not difficult to see why touchy oppressors might balk at The Isam Abd el-Ati Papers (as the novella is entitled). It begins with the protagonist’s view of a famous modern Egyptian pronouncement, made by the nationalist leader Mustafa Kamil: “If I weren’t Egyptian, I would want to be Egyptian.” That, thinks Isam, is “the dumbest thing I’ve ever heard”.

 

The son of a failed Cairo artist, Isam is hardly a likeable character. We first encounter him tearing up a letter of praise that his father has received, and almost everyone with whom Isam has dealings — his mother and grandmother, the maid, his colleagues at the government Chemistry Authority, a local barber — are treated with cold indifference

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FRIENDLY FIRE : The Observer

يونيو 7th, 2009 كتبها علاء الأسوانى نشر في , FRIENDLY FIRE

The Interview

By day a Cairo dentist and by night a novelist, he spent years battling censorship to get published. Today, he is a bestselling writer across the world and remains a fierce critic of Egypt’s repressive regime. Rachel Cooke talks to the acclaimed author about love, torture, and why he still practises dentistry.

 

 

 

 

Buzz up!

Digg it

Rachel Cooke

The Observer, Sunday 31 May 2009

Article history

 

Alaa Al Aswany photographed at the Gore Hotel, London, May 2009. Photograph: Andy Hall

 

Alaa al Aswany, the Arab world’s bestselling novelist, swallows the last of his morning coffee, and throws back his boulder-like head in a gesture that comes close to, but is not quite, contentment. He is longing for a cigarette, too, only today he is not at home in Cairo, where he can happily smoke himself to death if he so chooses (the Egyptians puff their way through 19 million cigarettes every day) but in the quiet confines of the Gore hotel, Kensington; it will be a while longer before he can scoot out to the pavement and light up.

Still, he is not complaining. As cities go, London is not bad. "I have feelings about cities," he says in his wonderful, solemn English. "The kind of feelings a man has towards ladies. Some I love, and some … not." London is one of those Aswany loves, though it cannot, in his view, touch Cairo or even Alexandria. "Ah! I cannot be objective about Egypt. It is only in Egypt that I feel myself. When I’m abroad, I’m someone who has much in common with myself, but it’s not really me. I am always homesick!"

As a dentistry student in Chicago three decades ago, he hugely admired America’s efficiency. But it was not, in the long run, for him. "Everything is systemised, practical. Egypt is the opposite, but there is beauty in that. To me, it’s the most wonderful place on earth."

Aswany is in London to promote his new book, Friendly Fire, a collection of stories, and a controversial novella, The Isam Abd el-Ati Papers, which was banned in Egypt for a decade but now finds itself enjoying a new lease of life thanks to publishers who look at his back catalogue as a handy means of sating readers’ appetites until the next novel. Aswany endured years of rejection at the hands of the General Egyptian Book Organisation (Gebo), the powerful state-run publisher, and The Isam Abd el-Ati Papers, which tells the story of an educated young man who is infatuated by the west but crushed by the tyranny and corruption of the Egyptian state, was one such rejection. He was told in no uncertain terms that the novella insulted Egypt and would never be published unless he removed its first two chapters. At which point he snatched up his manuscript and left the building. He has not been back since.

In 2002, his novel The Yacoubian Building, about the disparate inhabitants of a faded art deco apartment block in downtown Cairo, was quietly accepted by a small, independent publisher in Cairo. Its first edition sold out in four weeks and it was the Arab world’s bestseller for five successive years, selling 250,000 copies in a region where print runs rarely exceed 3,000. Word spread. It was made into a hit film by Marwan Hamed, and a TV serial, and has since been translated into 27 languages; 75,000 copies of the British edition have been sold. His next novel, Chicago, did even better, and … presto! As he writes in the introduction to Friendly Fire: "[Suddenly] publishers started pressuring me to give them anything I’d written."

Those who loved The Yacoubian Building and Chicago, with their extravagant cast lists and their sweeping, soapy plots, should not come to Friendly Fire expecting more of the same. These stories are very different, for all that they, too, hum with the anger and frustration that Aswany has made his own (he will never just let his beloved characters get what they want). It’s like turning from David Lodge to Chekhov (though if this sounds like I think this book is the best of the three, that would be very wrong: I adore Lodge; I adore Aswany, especially when he is in full-on campus mode; I cannot wait for his next big novel).

He grins, delighted at the mention of Chekhov. "The short story is a moment of enlightenment," he says. "A moment of vision. The story is going to fall on my head like an apple. But the novel … there is a school of thought, and I agree with it, that we do not invent novels; we discover them. The novel exists in my heart and in my mind and I must concentrate to get it out. This is not the case with the story. I could get an idea for a story now, while I am looking at your face."

So is he working on one of these longer acts of excavation right now? "Of course! I cannot stop! Always a novel. I love people and literature is a wonderful way to express that love. Their suffering motivates me."

Aswany takes his success in his stride and with a hefty pinch of salt. On the one hand, he cannot resist showing me a photograph of his face on huge posters in the Paris metro, and it is, of course, a great feat to be able to make any money at all as a writer in a country where copyright laws are flimsier than tissue and where publishers rarely give their authors their due (Arab royalties for The Yacoubian Building have, he estimates, just about covered his bill for coffee and cigarettes). But, on the other, he is not about to give up the day job - dentistry - quite yet.

"Society is a living organism and you must keep up. That’s why I still practise, though for only two days a week. I will never close the clinic. The clinic is my window. I open it to see what is happening in the street. You can’t get disconnected from the street, as a writer; that’s a common mistake. You can be too easily welcomed every night by the richest people and the most influential. It is very dangerous because it is that relationship with the street that made you successful in the first place."

Is he now a celebrity in Egypt? "I am very … appreciated. But the word ‘famous’ means that people recognise you, but you don’t recognise them. I don’t think this is a big deal. Many people are famous and they did nothing. Appreciation is the reward, not fame. If I could have 10,000 readers who really appreciate me, or one million who recognise my face, I’m going to pick the 10,000."

In Egypt, however, fame must have its uses. Aswany has long been a well-known opponent of President Mubarak. He writes newspaper columns criticising the regime and is a member of the Kifaya (Enough) movement. So what is the establishment’s attitude to him now he is celebrated the world over? "I don’t expect them to love me. I am a member of some groups that call for the end of this regime. I know many officials in the government who like my work on a personal level, but… when it comes to award ceremonies, sometimes they attend, sometimes not. Sometimes they call, tell me that they appreciate my work personally but that they cannot attend officially."

Has fame made him safer? "I cannot compare what has happened to me with what has happened to some of my friends and comrades who have been tortured and beaten. What has happened to me - banning me from attending the premiere of The Yacoubian Building - is negligible in comparison. But, in any case, writing and fear are absolutely contradictory. Writing is an expression against fear."

He remains convinced that democracy is comi

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